Imam Malik was one of the most prominent Islamic scholars and jurists. He was born in Medina, Saudi Arabia, in 711 CE. Medina was the city of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, and Imam Malik grew up in an environment deeply connected to the traditions and practices of the Prophet’s companions (Sahaba).

• Education: Imam Malik studied under many scholars of his time in Medina. He was known for his piety, discipline, and dedication to learning.

• Famous Work: His most famous work is “Al-Muwatta”, which is one of the earliest collections of Hadith and also includes rulings based on the practices of the people of Medina. This book reflects his deep respect for the Sunnah and the consensus of the people of Medina.

• Character: Imam Malik was known for his strict adherence to tradition, humility, and strong sense of justice. He believed that following the authentic practices of the Prophet ﷺ was essential for guiding the Muslim community.

Maliki School of Thought (Madhhab)

The Maliki school is one of the four major Sunni schools of Islamic law (Sharia). It was founded by Imam Malik and emphasizes the practice of the people of Medina (Amal Ahl al-Madina) as a source of law alongside the Quran and Hadith.

Key Features of Maliki Madhhab:

1. Sources of Law:

   • Quran – primary source of guidance.

   • Sunnah (Hadith) – sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet ﷺ.

   • Amal Ahl al-Madina (Practice of the people of Medina) – considered a reflection of the Prophet’s teachings.

   • Ijma’ (Consensus) – agreement of scholars.

   • Qiyas (Analogical reasoning) – applying principles from known rulings to new situations.

2. Flexibility: While strict in following tradition, the Maliki school allows some flexibility to consider public welfare and local customs, as long as they do not contradict the Quran or Sunnah.

3. Geographical Spread:
   Today, the Maliki school is mostly followed in North and West Africa, parts of the Arabian Peninsula, and some areas in Sudan and Egypt.

4. Legal Philosophy:

   • Emphasis on authentic practice over theoretical reasoning.

   • Focus on community customs that trace back to the Prophet’s companions.

   • Prefers practice of Medina as a practical example of the Prophet’s teachings.

In summary:
Imam Malik’s contribution to Islamic scholarship is immense. His Maliki school values tradition, consensus, and community practice, making it a school that deeply respects the original teachings and lifestyle of early Muslims. “Al-Muwatta” remains a cornerstone of Islamic jurisprudence, studied by Muslims worldwide.